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日本右翼试图控制自由媒体的言论

TOKYO: A chill wind is blowing through Japan's media as a resurgent right pressures the country's liberal voices, in what analysts say presents a threat to democracy as voters head to the polls for a general election.

东京:一阵寒风吹过日本媒体,复苏的日本右翼正在压迫着国家的自由主义声音,在日本大选之际分析家说这种情况对民主是一种威胁。

Cheered on by fringe groups, the mainstream right-wing press and the government of nationalist Prime Minister Shinzo Abe are tightening the vice on left-of-centre voices.

民族主义者首相安倍晋三继续收紧左翼的声音, 这就赢得边缘群体和主流右翼媒体的欢呼喝彩。

A letter sent last month from Abe's ruling Liberal Democratic Party to Tokyo-based broadcasters demanding "fair" coverage in the run-up to this weekend's vote sent a shiver through the industry.
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在本周末的投票选举之初由安倍晋三执政的自民党向东京电视台发了一封信,要求做一个选举"公平"的报道,并通过这个行业向全社会发出了一个警告。

While the wording was tame, it awakened an institutional memory of 1930s Japan, when the press was strictly censored as military rulers marched the country towards war.

虽然措辞温和的,它唤醒了20世纪30年代大日本帝国主义的记忆,当时记者被严格审查,军事统治者将整个国家推向战争。

Coupled with the coming-into-force this week of a state secrets act that opponents say will stymie legitimate media criticism, campaign groups are warning of an increasingly febrile atmosphere.

再加上本周即将生效的国家保密法,反对者他的通过会阻碍合法的媒体的批评,运动团体则警告日益狂热的氛围。

The Japanese chapter of PEN International, an association of writers, has warned the law means the government "can now conceal military, intelligence and any inconvenient information in an arbitrary manner", in what it called the "return of the heavy-handed state".

国际作家协会,日本作家社团告诫此法律意味着政府"可以以一种武断的方式掩盖其军事,情报和以及任何不方便说的信息",就是将国家"返回高压状态"。

 

Broadcasters and newspapers should fight back against attempts to muzzle them, said Yasuhiko Tajima of Japan's Sophia University, one of several analysts to raise alarm over recent moves.

广播电视和报纸应该对企图钳制他们言论自由的行为给予反击,田岛泰彦说,作为社会分析师中的一员对于最近的举动加强了警告。

"Regardless of ideologies, right or left, the media's role is as a watchdog of power for citizens," he said. "Journalists shouldn't forget this principle — media is very important to democracy."

"不管意识形态向左或向右,媒体的作用是作为公民对于权力的监督者"他说。 "记者不应该忘记这一原则 - 媒体对于民主是非常重要的。"

Wartime legacy

战争的遗留问题

But it is in the realm of Japan's powerful multi-million selling newspapers where the right is making the most notable headway.

但它在日本的报纸领域创造了惊人的收人这说明右翼势力发展迅速。

Their biggest scalp is the country's premier liberal newspaper, the Asahi Shimbun, which in August retracted decades-old articles on Japan's wartime system of sex slavery, after years of calls for it to do so.

他们最大的战利品就是全国首屈一指的自由派报纸--朝日新闻,但是他在8月份撤销收回了几十年来有关日本战时性奴隶的制度历史的相关文章,这是经过多年呼吁被迫这样做的。

The paper admitted its chief source for the stories was not credible — a fact long-since established — and apologised. The company's president also resigned.

文章承认其主要故事来源是不可信的 - 对于长期以来建立的事实 - 而道歉。该公司的总裁也辞职了。

Rivals leapt on the climbdown and Abe, who wants a more sympathetic telling of Japan's history, took the move as proof of a smear.

对手踩着朝日新闻跃居上位,安倍晋三想要一个更富有悲情色彩的日本历史,以此来抹掉日本战犯的证据。

 

"Japan's image was greatly damaged. Baseless libels are all across the world that ‘Japan systematically forced sex slavery' because of the false [Asahi] reports," Abe told a parliamentary committee in October.

"日本的形象大大的受损。毫无根据的诽谤遍布世界各地,那就是"日本有组织的强行征集性奴隶",都是因为朝日新闻伪造的报告,"安倍晋三在十月份的议会委员会上说。

Despite a dearth of official records, mainstream researchers estimate up to 200,000 women, many from Korea but also from China, Indonesia, the Philippines and Taiwan, served Japanese soldiers in "comfort stations".

尽管官方缺乏记录,主流的社会研究人员估计,高达20万的妇女被强行征集为性奴隶,很多来自韩国也有来自中国,印尼,菲律宾和台湾的,就是服务日本兵的"慰安所"。

Many historians say these women were not willing participants and that the Imperial Japanese Army and wartime government were involved in their enslavement, tacitly or explicitly.

许多历史学家说,当时的这些妇女都不愿意但是日本帝国陆军和战时政府的参与了强行征集性奴隶。

Right-wingers, however, say the women were common prostitutes engaged in a commercial exchange.

但是右翼势力坚持说当时的妇女是从事商业交易的妓女。

While Abe has shied away from withdrawing a 1993 Japanese apology for the system, he has ordered a review of it and makes plain his distaste.
But the Asahi's retraction has given a boost to the vociferous campaign by the right for that so-called Kono Statement to be annulled.

虽然安倍晋三一直回避他曾经收回的1993年的日本道歉信,但是他已下令继续对此事审查,并且明确的表达了他的厌恶。

然而朝日新闻的退缩给了日本右翼推动撤销所谓的河野谈话的机会。

 

Sophia University's Tajima said the government's attacks on the Asahi undermine its professed respect for human rights and for a free press.

上智大学的田岛说,政府对于朝日新闻的攻击其实是破坏了政府所宣称的对人权的尊重和对新闻自由的尊重。

"It's extremely rare for the leader of a country to name one media organisation and criticise it," he said.

"作为一个国家的领导人来点名批评一个媒体机构是极其罕见的"他说。

The Sankei Shimbun, a robustly nationalistic paper, and the right-wing Yomiuri Shimbun — the world's biggest newspaper with 10 million copies sold daily — devoted acres of coverage to the episode.

产经新闻,一个坚定的民族主义的新闻媒体 - 和右翼的读卖新闻,是 世界上发行量最大的报纸,每天可以卖出1000万份。

The Yomiuri published a book highlighting the error and accusing the Asahi of bearing "responsibility for harming Japan's national interest". Last month it issued its own pointed "apology" for what it said was the use of "misleading expressions" in its English language version, which had referred to "sex slaves". The paper believes it is not proven that the women were coerced.

读卖新闻出版了一本书错误明显的书,书中指责朝日新闻的行为"损害了日本的国家利益"。但是在上个月,读卖新闻发出了一封道歉信,对于其英文版本的"误导性的表达",以及书中提到了"性奴隶"等词汇。他认为没有足够证据证明二战时期的妇女是被强迫的。

 

An Asahi boycott campaign spearheaded by online groups has presaged a more than 500,000 drop in the paper's circulation, to around 7 million currently according to the Japan Audit Bureau of Circulations.

一个通过网上抵制朝日新闻的运动的团体-已经预示着朝日新闻报纸的发行量下降超过50万份,目前约700万份的发行量,日本审计局报道。

Norikazu Kawagishi, a law professor at Waseda University, said the sight of Japan's right-of-centre media clubbing together with the government was a worrying one.

早稻田大学的法学教授川岸令和说,日本右翼媒体同政府合作的现象是令人担忧的。

"Conservative media should be careful," he said, "because criticising the Asahi could deprive us of diversity in debates in our society."

"保守派媒体应该小心谨慎"他说,"因为对于朝日新闻的批评可能剥夺了我们在社会辩论的多样性。"
 

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